Q. In index-guided photonic crystal fiber structure, the dark areas are air holes. What does white areas suggests?

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Q. The periodic arrangement of cladding air holes in photonic band gap fibers provides for the formation of a photonic band gap in the ___________

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Q. The high index contrast enables the PCF core to be reduced from around 8 μmin conventional fiber to __________

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Q. Losses in photonic crystal fibers are reduced to a level of ___________

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Q. Conventional optical fibers has more transmission losses than photonic crystal fibers.

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Q. Photonic crystal fibers also called as ___________

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Q. Plastic fibers are less widely used than glass fibers.

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Q. Numerical aperture is constant in case of step index fiber.

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Q. How many propagation modes are present in single mode fibers?

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Q. A single mode fiber has a beat length of 4 cm at 1200 nm. What is birefringence?

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Q. The difference between the modes’ refractive indices is called as ___________

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Q. A single mode fiber has mode field diameter 10.2 μm and V = 2.20. What is the core diameter of this fiber?

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Q. Which equation is used to calculate MFD?

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Q. What is needed to predict the performance characteristics of single mode fibers?

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Q. An optical fiber has a core radius 2 μm and a numerical aperture of 0.1. Will this fiber operate at single mode at 600 nm?

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Q. An optical fiber has core-index of 1.480 and a cladding index of 1.478. What should be the core size for single mode operation at 1310 nm?

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Q. Skew rays follow a ___________

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Q. What is the unit of normalized frequency?

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Q. Meridional rays in graded index fibers follow ____________

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Q. Most of the optical power is carried out in core region than in cladding.

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