Q. Why a T-flask used in small-scale cell culture is incubated in a horizontal position?

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Q. Heat transfer rates (per unit volume) will be lowest in

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Q. The function(s) of the draft tube in an airlift bioreactor is

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Q. The Monod Model relates

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Q. The height to diameter ratio (H/D) for the column fermenters is

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Q. The high oxygen transfer efficiencies of airlift bioreactors is due to

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Q. An open system in which the growth rate is maintained by the removal and addition of media at such a rate as to maintain a constant cell density is called a

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Q. Wash out in steady state fermentation occurs when

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Q. Fermentor should be filled with medium upto

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Q. Bacterial growth curve is obtained by plotting

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Q. When intracellular enzymes of whole cells are to be used in a bio-conversion process, it is often necessary to____________the cells.

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Q. The function of a mechanical seal is to

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Q. The phenomenon in which substrates are used in a sequential manner is known as

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Q. The dilution rate, D is defined as(where F = volumetric flow rate, VR = total volume of culture in the reactor and μ specific growth rate)

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Q. Diauxie is

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Q. An open system in which the growth rate is maintained by adding a nutrient (present in limiting quantities) at the same rate as that medium containing micro-organisms is removed is called

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Q. The maximum specific growth rate (μm) of an organism in batch culture is equal to slope of a plot of

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Q. The region of an airlift bioreactor in which the liquid travels in a downward direction is called the

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Q. Population doubling time, td can be expressed as (where μ is the specific growth rate.)

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Q. A higher Ks value of Monod's equation means

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