Question

In sparged mammalian cell bioreactors, the cell damage is caused because of

a.

shear stress arising during mixing of the cell culture fluid

b.

shear stresses arising from the breakup of bubbles at the liquid surface

c.

shear stresses between bubbles in foam at the liquid surface

d.

all of the above

Answer: (a).shear stress arising during mixing of the cell culture fluid

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Q. In sparged mammalian cell bioreactors, the cell damage is caused because of

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