Q. The destruction of microorganisms by steam may be described as

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Q. The collection efficiency by interception increases with the

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Q. For indirect heating, the plate and frame heat exchanger is generally more effective than the shell and tube heat transfer due to its

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Q. The mechanism of air filtration in fibrous filter is

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Q. If the packing density (α) is defined as the volume of the fiber unit volume of filter bed, the velocity within the filter void space is equal to (where V is velocity in fluid void space and V0 is undisturbed fluid velocity)

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Q. For the turbulent flow, the dispersion coefficient is correlated as a function of

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Q. In sterilization process, spore of which of the following organism is considered as control?

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Q. Analogus to the molecular diffusion, the x-directional flux of microorganisms suspended in a medium due to the axial mixing can be represented as (where Jn is flux component 'n', cn is concentration of'n')

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Q. The typical size of particles collected by diffusion mechanism is

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Q. The X90 value for a filtration system is

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Q. The value of K

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Q. Model proposed by the Friedlander, correlating the air filtration efficiency by impaction can be expressed as (where NSt is the Stokes number)

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Q. The collection efficiency by impaction increases with

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Q. The efficiency of fibrous filter by combined mechanism is given by(where ηimp,ηint,ηdif are the efficiencies by impaction, interception and diffusion respectively)

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Q. The heat conduction in dry air is

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Q. For laminar flow of Newtonian fluid through a smooth round pipe, the ratio of average fluid velocity to the maximum velocity is

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