Q. S1: Forecasting the weather has always been a difficult business.
P : During a period of drought, streams and rivers dried up, the cattle died from thirst and were ruined.
Q : Many different things affect the weather and we have to study them carefully to make accurate forecast.
R : Ancient Egyptians had no need of weather in the Nile Valley hardly ever changes.
S : In early times, when there were no instruments, such as thermometer or the barometer, man looked for tell-tale signs in the sky.
S6: He made his forecasts by watching flights of the birds or the way smoke rose from fire.
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Q. S1: As he passed beneath her he heard the swish of her wings.
P : He was not falling head long now.
Q : The monstrous terror seized him.
R : But it only lasted a minute.
S : He could hear nothing.
S6: The next moment he felt his wings spread outwards.
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Q. S1: Ms. Parasuram started a Petrol Pump in Madras.
P : A total to 12 girls now work at the pump.
Q : She advertised in newspapers for women staff.
R : They operate in 2 shifts.
S : The response was good.
S6: Thus she has shown the way for many others.
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Q. S1: Sun birds are among the smallest of Indian birds.
P : Though they are functionally similar to the humming birds of the New World, they are totally unrelated.
Q : They do eat insects too.
R : They are also some of the most brilliantly coloured birds.
S : sun birds feed on nectar mostly and helped in pollination.
S6: Our common sun birds are the purple sun bird, the glossy black species and purple rumped sun bird, the yellow and maroon species.
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Q. S1: For decades, American society has been calling a melting pot
P : Differences remained - in appearence, mannerisms, customs, speech, religion and more.
Q : The term has long been a cliche and half-truth.
R : But homogenisation was never acheived.
S : Yes, immigrants from diverse cultures and traditions did cast off vestiges of their native lands and become almost imperceptibly woven in to the American fabric.
S6: In recent years, such differences accentuated by the arrival of immigrants from Asia and other parts of the world in the United States - have become something to celebrate and to nurture.
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Q. S1: Once upon a time there lived three young men in a certain town of Hindustan.
P : All the people of the neighbourhood were mortally afraid of them.
Q : They were so powerful that they could catch growing lions and tear them to pieces.
R : Someone told them that they would become immortal if they killed Death.
S : The young men believed themselves to be very good friends.
S6: All of them set out in search of their foe called Death.
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Q. S1: Metals are today being replaced by polymers in many applications.
P : Above all, they are cheaper and easier to process making them a viable alternative to metals.
Q : Polymers are essentially a long chains of hydrocarbon molecules.
R : Today polymers as strong as metals have been developed.
S : These have replaced the traditional chromium-plated metallic bumpers in cars.
S6: Many Indian Institutes of science and Technology run special programmes on polymer science.
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Q. S1: Since the sixties there has been an increasing interest in neurophysiology, which deals with the neural bases of mental activity and behaviour.
P : It has format which is very similar to that of Brain and Language, a sister journal.
Q : Since then, a number of journals devoted entirely to this area of research have appeared.
R : Before the 1960's when this field was the concern of a small number of investigators, research articles were scattered in various neurological journals.
S : Brain and cognition is one such journal.
S6: So far the journal has published the mixture of articles including reports and investigations.
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Q. S1: An elderly lady suddenly became blind.
P : The doctor called daily and every time he took away some of her furniture he liked.
Q : At last she was cured and the doctor demanded his fee.
R : She agreed to pay a large fee to the doctor who would cure her
S : On being refused, the doctor wanted to know the reason.
S6: The lady said that she had not been properly cured because she could not see all his furniture.
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Q. S1: What are the causes of our chronic food shortage ?
P : To find for these growing new millions is desperate task.
Q : every year, we add more than a crore of persons to our population.
R : Despite stupendous efforts by our government, the population is growing unabated.
S : The chief cause is the population explosion.
S6: This unprecedented growth can drag us to the doors of starvation very soon.
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Q. S1: Our ancestors thought that anything which moved itself was alive.
P : The philosopher Descartes thought that both men and animals were machines.
Q : But a machine such as a motorcar or a steamship moves itself, as soon as machines which moved themselves had been made, people asked "Is man a machine?"
R : And before the days of machinery that was a good definition.
S : He also thought that the human machine was partly controlled by the soul action on a certain part of the brain, while animals had no souls.
S6: Therefore some scientists think that life is just a very complicated mechanism.
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Q. S1: The future beckons to us.
P : In fact we have hard work ahead.
Q : Where do we go and what shall be our endeavour?
R : We shall also have to fight and end poverty, ignorance and disease.
S : It will be to bring freedom and oppurtunity to the common man.
S6: There is no resting for any one of us till we redeem our pledge in full.
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Q. S1: Most of the universities in the country are now facing financial crisis.
P : Cost benefit yardstick thus should not be applied in the case of universities.
Q : The current state of affairs cannot be allowed to continue for long.
R : Universities cannot be equated with commercial enterprises.
S : Proper development of universities and colleges must be ensured.
S6: The Government should realise this before it is too late.
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Q. S1: While talking to a group, one should feel self-confident and courageous.
P : Nor is it a gift bestowed by providence on only a few.
Q : One should also learn how to think calmly and clearly.
R : It is like the ability to play golf.
S : It is not as difficult as most men imagine.
S6: Any man can develop his capacity if he has the desire to do so.
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Q. S1: A ceiling on urban property.
P : No mill-owner could own factories or mills or plants.
Q : And mass circulation papers
R : Would mean that
S : No press magnate could own printing presses.
S6: since their value would exceed the ceiling fixed by the government.
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Q. S1: The art of growing old is one which the passage of time has forced upon my attention.
P : One of these is undue absorption in the past.
Q : One's thought must be directed to the future and to things about which there is something to be done.
R : Psychologically, there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age.
S : It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friend who are dead.
S6: This is not always easy one's own past is gradually increasing weight.
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Q. S1: I keep on flapping my big ears all day.
P : They also fear that I will flip them all away.
Q : But children wonder why I flap them so.
R : I flap them so to make sure they are safely there on either side of my head.
S : But I know what I am doing.
S6: Am I not a smart, intelligent elephant?
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Q. S1: A gentleman who lived alone always had two plates placed on the table at dinner time.
P : One day just as he sat down to dine, the cat rushed in to the room.
Q : One plate was for himself and other was for his cat.
R : she drooped a mouse into her own plate and another into her master plate.
S : He used to give the cat a piece of meat from his own plate.
S6: In this way the cat showed her gratitude to her master.
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Q. S1: Ants eat worms, centipedes and spiders.
P : They are usually much quicker than the ant itself.
Q : Nevertheless, these animals do not make easy game for ants.
R : Besides, they have an extraordinary number of ways of escaping.
S : They also eat larvae and insect adults such as flies, moths and spring tails.
S6: Some jump, and some give out a pungent repellent substance.
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Q. S1: Satyajit Ray made several films for children.
P : Later film makers have followed his lead.
Q : Today other nations are making the children's film in a big way.
R : This was at a time when no director considered children as potential audience.
S : Ray was, thus, a pioneer in the field.
S6: But today few think of Ray as a maker of children's films.
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