Q. Calculate the effective unit tractive force that causes bed load transportation if the unit tractive force produced by the flowing water is 3.20 N/m². The Manning’s coefficient on an unrippled bed is 0.0108 and the actual observed value of Manning’s coefficient on ripped channels is 0.0222. Take the value of critical shear stress that is required to move the grain particle as 0.5 N/m².

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Q. The actual capacity of silt laiden water channel is worked out with 1/2 : 1 side slopes.

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Q. What is range of side slopes for a canal in cutting?

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Q. With what equation we can calculate the berm width?

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Q. Deposition of silt to form the berms completely has lot of advantages.

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Q. What is the primary purpose of the banks?

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Q. What type of roads is provided for inspection purposes?

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Q. What is provided as a measure of safety during driving?

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Q. Which structure is provided when the disposition of earth becomes costlier?

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Q. What type of structure is provided when earth has to be brought from somewhere else for canal construction?

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Q. Which type of borrow pits are preferred more?

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Q. What is the condition for digging of borrow pits?

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