Q. Because these ancestral character states are not known directly, multiple possible solutions may exist. In this case, the parsimony principle applies to choose the character states that result in a minimum number of substitutions.

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Q. The unweighted method treats all mutations as equivalent.

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Q. Which of the following is incorrect statement about Tree-Searching Methods?

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Q. Which of the following is incorrect statement about branch-and-bound?

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Q. The branch-and-bound method starts building trees in a similar way as in the exhaustive method.

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Q. When the number of taxa exceeds twenty, even the branch-and-bound method becomes computationally unfeasible.

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Q. In a heuristic tree search, only a small subset of all possible trees is examined.

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Q. Which of the following is incorrect about Bootstrapping?

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Q. A truly robust phylogenetic relationship should have enough characters to support the relationship even if the dataset is perturbed in such away.

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Q. Which of the following is incorrect about nonparametric bootstrapping?

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Q. Which of the following is incorrect about nonparametric bootstrapping?

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Q. Which of the following is incorrect about Caveats?

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Q. Which of the following is incorrect statement?

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Q. Which of the following is incorrect about Bayesian Simulation?

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Q. In phylogenetic analysis, it is also important to test whether two competing tree topologies can be distinguished and whether one tree is significantly better than the other.

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Q. The KH test sets out to test the null hypothesis that the two competing tree topologies are not significantly different.

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Q. In Shimodaira–Hasegawa Test, The degree of freedom used for the analysis depends on the substitution model used. It relies on the following test formula d = 2(ln LA – ln LB) = 2 ln(LA/LB). Here, is the log likelihood ratio score and ln LA and ln LB are likelihood scores for tree A and tree B, respectively.

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Q. PAUP is a Macintosh program (UNIX version available in the GCG package) with a very user-friendly graphical interface.

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Q. In PAUP, the distance options include NJ, ME, FM, and UPGMA.

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Q. Phylip stands for Phylogenetic inference package (by Joe Felsenstein).

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