Q. The backfill has its top surface ____________

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Q. The portion of backfill lying above a horizontal plane of wall is called ________

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Q. Surcharge angle β is ____________

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Q. A body is said to be in plastic equilibrium, if every point of it is ________

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Q. The stress condition during plastic equilibrium can be represented by _____________

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Q. The stress condition during plastic equilibrium in terms of tangent of angle is _______

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Q. The flow value is given by ______

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Q. The Mohr Coulomb equation in terms of stress components in x-z plane is ______________

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Q. Combing the three equations, \(\sqrt{((\frac{σ_z-σ_x}{2})^2+τ_{xz}^2))} -\frac{σ_z+σ_x}{2} sinφ=c cosφ\), \(\frac{∂σ_x}{∂x}+\frac{∂τ_{xz}}{∂z}=0\), and \(\frac{∂τ_{xz}}{∂x}+\frac{∂σ_x}{∂z}+γ=0\), lead to the equation called ___________

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Q. The solution of Kolter’s equation gives ____________

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Q. In active state, the major principal stress σ₁ is ____________

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Q. In active state, the minor principal stress σ₃ is _________

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Q. In passive state, the major principal stress σ₁ ____________

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Q. In passive state, the minor principal stress σ₃ is _________

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Q. For cohesion-less soil, the ratio of major to minor principal stress is __________

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Q. The ratio of horizontal stress σₕ to vertical stress σᵥ is _______

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Q. The coefficient of earth pressure for active state of plastic equilibrium is given by ___________

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Q. The coefficient of earth pressure for passive state of plastic equilibrium is given by ________

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Q. The coefficient of earth pressure for active state of plastic equilibrium in terms of sine function is _______

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Q. The coefficient of earth pressure for passive state of plastic equilibrium in terms of sine function is _______

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