Location and Environment Awareness MCQs

Welcome to our comprehensive collection of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) on Location and Environment Awareness, a fundamental topic in the field of Cognitive Radio. Whether you're preparing for competitive exams, honing your problem-solving skills, or simply looking to enhance your abilities in this field, our Location and Environment Awareness MCQs are designed to help you grasp the core concepts and excel in solving problems.

In this section, you'll find a wide range of Location and Environment Awareness mcq questions that explore various aspects of Location and Environment Awareness problems. Each MCQ is crafted to challenge your understanding of Location and Environment Awareness principles, enabling you to refine your problem-solving techniques. Whether you're a student aiming to ace Cognitive Radio tests, a job seeker preparing for interviews, or someone simply interested in sharpening their skills, our Location and Environment Awareness MCQs are your pathway to success in mastering this essential Cognitive Radio topic.

Note: Each of the following question comes with multiple answer choices. Select the most appropriate option and test your understanding of Location and Environment Awareness. You can click on an option to test your knowledge before viewing the solution for a MCQ. Happy learning!

So, are you ready to put your Location and Environment Awareness knowledge to the test? Let's get started with our carefully curated MCQs!

Location and Environment Awareness MCQs | Page 6 of 7

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Q51.
Which among the following is a parameter for Cramer-Rao lower bound?

a.

Decision theory

b.

Bayesian statistics

c.

Wald test

d.

Fisher information

Discuss
Answer: (d).Fisher information Explanation:Cramer Rao lower bound states the variance of any unbiased estimator is at least as high as the inverse of Fisher information. It may be employed as an optimization criterion in bat echolocation systems.
Q52.
Cognitive ranging protocol may be used as a handshaking mechanism.

a.

True

b.

False

c.

May be True or False

d.

Can't say

Discuss
Answer: (a).True Explanation:Cognitive ranging protocol has three steps namely ranging parameter set up, two-way time of arrival ranging, and time stamp report. Each stage involves transfer of information and acknowledgement between the radio devices. It is carried out after transmission parameters are determined.
Q53.
Maximum likelihood estimator at the receiver uses only NLOS signals.

a.

True

b.

False

c.

May be True or False

d.

Can't say

Discuss
Answer: (b).False Explanation:Cramer Roa lower bound (CRLB) at the receiver is achieved by using maximum a posteriori and maximum likelihood estimator. Maximum a posteriori uses LOS and NLOS signals to achieve CRLB while maximum likelihood uses only LOS signals.
Q54.
____ affects range accuracy adaption.

a.

Resonance frequency

b.

Bit rate

c.

Symbol rate

d.

Bandwidth

Discuss
Answer: (d).Bandwidth Explanation:The amount of bandwidth available affects range accuracy adaption based on the optimisation technique utilised to choose parameter values. Resolution of bandwidth is another parameter that affects range accuracy adaption.
Q55.
Two way ranging can resolve ____

a.

amplitude difference

b.

frequency difference

c.

phase difference

d.

amplitude and phase difference

Discuss
Answer: (c).phase difference Explanation:Synchronisation of oscillators of two transmitters may not be possible. In such a case, the measurement of path from the transmitter to receiver and from receiver to transmitter may be used to compensate for phase difference.
Q56.
Time of arrival data from two base stations may provide ____ of a location.

a.

position circle

b.

point

c.

peak circle

d.

peak point

Discuss
Answer: (a).position circle Explanation:Time of arrival is the time taken by a radio signal to cover the distance from a transmitter to a remote receiver. Time of arrival data from two substations offers the position circle of a location. Additional data from a third substation provides precise single point location.
Q57.
Which among of the following may be employed to synchronise base station to local reference station?

a.

Two signals of different frequency

b.

Two signals of different phase

c.

Four signals of different frequency

d.

Four signals of different phase

Discuss
Answer: (a).Two signals of different frequency Explanation:Synchronisation between base station and local reference station may be achieved by using accurate synchronous clocks, employing two signals of different frequency, or through measurement to or triggering from a common reference point.
Q58.
Propagation loss is more in ____

a.

lower carrier frequencies

b.

higher carrier frequencies

c.

lower bandwidth

d.

higher bandwidth

Discuss
Answer: (b).higher carrier frequencies Explanation:t higher carrier frequencies, higher propagation loss, and lower range and penetration are observed. The influence of weather and attenuation is more at higher carrier frequencies when compared to lower carrier frequencies.
Q59.
Which among the following parameter of transceiver does not affect range accuracy?

a.

Bandwidth

b.

Resolution of bandwidth

c.

Transmission power level

d.

Receiver power level

Discuss
Answer: (d).Receiver power level Explanation:The support exhibited by transceiver towards arbitrary bandwidth and resolution, and arbitrary transmission level can affect the performance of range accuracy adaption. These factors may be controlled by software defined radio capability of cognitive radio.
Q60.
Which among on the following transceiver parameter may be used to improve range accuracy adaption?

a.

Randomizing transmit power level

b.

Decreasing the length of observation symbols

c.

Increasing the length of observation symbols

d.

Randomizing carrier frequencies

Discuss
Answer: (c).Increasing the length of observation symbols Explanation:The length of observation symbols is a transceiver parameter that affects range accuracy. Range accuracy improves by increasing the length of the observation symbols. However this introduces difficulties such as large overhead.
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