Q. When a ray of light enters one medium from another medium, which quality will not change?

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Q. Which equations are best suited for the study of electromagnetic wave propagation?

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Q. When λ is the optical wavelength in vacuum, k is given by k=2Π/λ. What does k stand for in the above equation?

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Q. Constructive interference occur when total phase change after two successive reflections at upper and lower interfaces is equal to? (Where m is integer)

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Q. When light is described as an electromagnetic wave, it consists of a periodically varying electric E and magnetic field H which are oriented at an angle?

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Q. A monochromatic wave propagates along a waveguide in z direction. These points of constant phase travel in constant phase travel at a phase velocity Vₚ is given by?

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Q. Which is the most important velocity in the study of transmission characteristics of optical fiber?

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Q. What is refraction?

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Q. The phenomenon which occurs when an incident wave strikes an interface at an angle greater than the critical angle with respect to the normal to the surface is called as ____________

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Q. A multimode step index fiber has a normalized frequency of 72. Estimate the number of guided modes.

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Q. A graded-index fiber has a core with parabolic refractive index profile of diameter of 30 μm, NA=0.2, λ=1 μm. Estimate the normalised frequency.

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Q. A step-index fiber has core refractive index 1.46 and radius 4.5 μm. Find the cutoff wavelength to exhibit single mode operation. Use relative index difference as 0.25%.

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Q. A single-mode step-index fiber or multimode step-index fiber allows propagation of only one transverse electromagnetic wave.

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Q. One of the given statements is true for intermodal dispersion. Choose the right one.

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Q. For lower bandwidth applications ______________

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Q. Most of the optical power is carried out in core region than in cladding.

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Q. Meridional rays in graded index fibers follow ____________

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Q. What is the unit of normalized frequency?

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Q. Skew rays follow a ___________

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Q. An optical fiber has core-index of 1.480 and a cladding index of 1.478. What should be the core size for single mode operation at 1310 nm?

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