Q. What is refraction?

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Q. The phenomenon which occurs when an incident wave strikes an interface at an angle greater than the critical angle with respect to the normal to the surface is called as ____________

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Q. A multimode step index fiber has a normalized frequency of 72. Estimate the number of guided modes.

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Q. A graded-index fiber has a core with parabolic refractive index profile of diameter of 30 μm, NA=0.2, λ=1 μm. Estimate the normalised frequency.

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Q. A step-index fiber has core refractive index 1.46 and radius 4.5 μm. Find the cutoff wavelength to exhibit single mode operation. Use relative index difference as 0.25%.

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Q. A single-mode step-index fiber or multimode step-index fiber allows propagation of only one transverse electromagnetic wave.

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Q. One of the given statements is true for intermodal dispersion. Choose the right one.

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Q. For lower bandwidth applications ______________

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Q. Most of the optical power is carried out in core region than in cladding.

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Q. Meridional rays in graded index fibers follow ____________

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Q. What is the unit of normalized frequency?

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Q. Skew rays follow a ___________

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Q. An optical fiber has core-index of 1.480 and a cladding index of 1.478. What should be the core size for single mode operation at 1310 nm?

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Q. An optical fiber has a core radius 2 μm and a numerical aperture of 0.1. Will this fiber operate at single mode at 600 nm?

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Q. What is needed to predict the performance characteristics of single mode fibers?

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Q. Which equation is used to calculate MFD?

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Q. A single mode fiber has mode field diameter 10.2 μm and V = 2.20. What is the core diameter of this fiber?

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Q. The difference between the modes’ refractive indices is called as ___________

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Q. A single mode fiber has a beat length of 4 cm at 1200 nm. What is birefringence?

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Q. How many propagation modes are present in single mode fibers?

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