Q. Disturbance along the fiber such as vibrations, discontinuities, connectors, splices, source/detectors coupling result in __________

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Q. The modal noise can be reduced by __________

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Q. Digital transmission is more likely to be affected by modal noise.

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Q. A multimode step index fiber has source of RMS spectral width of 60 nm and dispersion parameter for fiber is 150 psnm⁻¹km⁻¹. Estimate rms pulse broadening due to material dispersion.

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Q. A multimode fiber has RMS pulse broadening per km of 12 ns/km and 28 ns/km due to material dispersion and intermodal dispersion resp. Find the total RMS pulse broadening.

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Q. Γg = dβ / C*dk. What is β in the given equation?

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Q. Most of the power in an optical fiber is transmitted in fiber cladding.

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Q. A single mode fiber has a zero dispersion wavelength of 1.21 μm and a dispersion slope of 0.08 psnm⁻²km⁻¹. What is the total first order dispersion at wavelength 1.26 μm.

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Q. The dispersion due to material, waveguide and profile are -2.8 nm⁻¹km⁻¹, 20.1 nm⁻¹km⁻¹ and 23.2 nm⁻¹km⁻¹respectively. Find the total first order dispersion?

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Q. Dispersion-shifted single mode fibers are created by __________

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Q. An alternative modification of the dispersion characteristics of single mode fibers involves achievement of low dispersion gap over the low-loss wavelength region between __________

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Q. The fibers which relax the spectral requirements for optical sources and allow flexible wavelength division multiplying are known as __________

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Q. For suitable power confinement of fundamental mode, the normalized frequency v should be maintained in the range 1.5 to 2.4 μm and the fractional index difference must be linearly increased as a square function while the core diameter is linearly reduced to keep v constant. This confinement is achieved by?

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Q. Any amount of stress occurring at the core-cladding interface would be reduced by grading the material composition.

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Q. The variant of non-zero-dispersion-shifted fiber is called as __________

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Q. Non-zero-dispersion-shifted fiber was introduced in the year 2000.

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Q. For many applications that involve optical fiber transmission, an intensity modulation optical source is not required.

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Q. The optical source used for detection of optical signal is ____________

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Q. An optical fiber behaves as a birefringence medium due to differences in ___________

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Q. The beat length in a single mode optical fiber is 8 cm when light from a laser with a peak wavelength 0.6 μm is launched into it. Estimate the modal birefringence.

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