Q. S1: In 1934, William Golding published a small volume of poems.
P : During the World War II(1939-45) he joined the Royal Navy and was present at the sinking of the Bismarck.
Q : He returned to teaching in 1945 and gave it up in 1962, and is now a full time writer.
R : In 1939, he married and started teaching at Vishop Wordsworth school in Salisbury.
S : At first his novels were not accepted.
S6: But the Lord of the files which came out in 1954 was welcomed as "a most absorbing and instructive tale".
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Q. S1: You know my wife, Madhavi, always urged me to give up smoking.
P : I really gave it up.
Q : And so When I went to jail I said to myself I really must give it up, if for no other reason than of being self-reliant.
R : When I emerged from jail, I wanted to tell her of my great triumph.
S : But when I met her, there she was with a packet of cigarettes.
S6: poor girl!.
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Q. S1: When a satellite is launched, the rocket begins by going slowly upwards through the air.
P : However, the higher it goes, the less air it meets.
Q : As the rocket goes higher, it travels faster.
R : For the atmosphere becomes thinner.
S : As a result there is less friction.
S6: Consequently, the rocket still does not become too hot.
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Q. S1: A father having offered to take the baby out in a perambulator, was tempted by the sunny morning to slip into a pub for a glass of beer.
P : Indignant at her husband's behaviour, she decided to teach him a lesson.
Q : She wheeled away the pram.
R : A little later, his wife came by, where to her horror, she discovered her sleeping baby.
S : Leaving the pram outside, he disappeared inside the bar.
S6: She waited for him, anticipating the white face and quivering lips which would soon appear with the news that the baby had been stolen.
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Q. S1: The city is almost a slum and stinks most of time.
P : The slush on the road did not deter them.
Q : The occasional slips and falls were considered a small price to pay for the trip.
R : They were excited, fascinated by the sight of fresh snow on the roads.
S : Even so, it looked beautiful to tourists of various categories.
S6: But some visitors came away with the unforgettable sight of young labours scantily clad.
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Q. S1: Venice is a strange and beautiful city in the north of Italy.
P : There are about four hundred old stone bridges joining the island of Venice.
Q : In this city there are no motor cars, no horses, no buses.
R : These small islands are near one another.
S : It is not an island but a hundred and seventeen islands.
S6: This is because Venice has no streets.
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Q. S1: The Hound of Baskervilles was feared by the people of the area.
P : Some people spoke of seeing a huge, shadowy form a Hound at midnight on the moor.
Q : But they spoke of it in tones of horror.
R : Nobody had actually seen the hound.
S : This shadowy form did not reveal any details about the animal.
S6: The Hound of Baskervilles remains an unsolved mystery.
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Q. S1: Once King Shantnu met a young and beautiful fisher girl.
P : He went to the fisherman and asked him for her asked him for her hand in marriage.
Q : The King was extremely sad and returned to his palace.
R : He fell in love with the fisher girl.
S : The fisherman agreed to it condition that the son of his daughter should be heir to the throne of Hastinapur.
S6: Devavrata, the King's son, asked him the reason of his sadness.
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Q. S1: Reliogion is not a matter of mere dogmatic conformity.
P : It is not merely going through the ritual prescribed to us.
Q : It is not a question of ceremonial piety.
R : Unless that kind of transformation occurs, you are not an authentically religious man.
S : It is the remarking of your own self, the transformation of your nature.
S6: A man of that character is free from fear, free from hatred.
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Q. S1: We speak today of self-determination in politics.
P : So long as one is conscious of a restraint, it is possible to resist it or to near it as a necessary evil and to keep free in spirit.
Q : Slavery begins when one ceases to feel that restraint and it depends on if the evil is accepted as good.
R : There is, however, a subtler domination exercised in the sphere of ideas by one culture to another.
S : Political subjection primarily means restraint on the outer life of people.
S6: Cultural subjection is ordinarily of an unconscious character and it implies slavery from the very start.
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Q. S1: Once upon a time an ant lived on the bank of river.
P : The dove saw the ant struggling in water in a helpless condition.
Q : All its efforts to come up is failed.
R : One day it suddenly slipped in to water.
S : A dove lived in the tree on the bank not far from the spot.
S6: She was touched.
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Q. S1: The December dance and music season in Madras is like the annual tropical cyclone.
P : A few among the new aspirants dazzle witht he colour of youth, like fresh saplings.
Q : It rains an abundance of music for over a fortnight.
R : Thick clouds expectation charge the atmosphere with voluminous advertisements.
S : At the end of it one is left with the feeling that the music of only those artists seasoned by careful nurturing, stands tall like well-routed trees.
S6: Many a hastily planed shrub gets washed away in the storm.
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Q. S1: There is a touching story of Professor Hardy visiting Ramanujan as he lay desperately ill in hospital at Putney.
P : 'No Hardy, that is not a dull number in the very least.
Q : Hardy, who was a very shy man, could not find the words for his distress.
R : It was 1729.
S : The best he could do, as he got to the beside was "I say Ramanujan, I thought the number of taxi I came down in was a very dull number"
S6: It is the lowest number that can be expressed in two different ways as the sum of two cubes.
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Q. S1: I took cigarettes from my case.
P : But when the fit of coughing was over, he replaced it between his lips.
Q : I lit one of them and placed it between the lips.
R : Then with a feeble hand he removed the cigarette.
S : Slowly he took a pull at it and coughed violently.
S6: Then he continues to draw on it.
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Q. S1: There is difference between Gandhiji's concept of secularism and that of Nehru's.
P : Nehru's idea of secularism was equal indifference to all religions and bothering about none of them.
Q : According to Gandhiji, all religions are equally true and each scripture is worthy of respect.
R : Such secularism which means the rejection of all religions is contrary to our culture and tradition.
S : In Gandhiji's view, secularism stands for equal respect for all religions.
S6: Instead of doing any good, such secularism can do harm instead of good.
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Q. S1: As a dramatist Rabindranath was not what might be called a success.
P : His dramas were moulded on the lines of the traditional Indian village dramas than the dramas of modern world.
Q : His plays were more a catalogue of ideas than a vehicle of the expression of action.
R : Actually the drama has always been the life of Indian people, as it deals with legends of gods and goddesses.
S : Although in his short stories and novels he was able to create living and well defined characters, he did not seem to be able to do so in dramas
S6: Therefor, drama forms the essential part of the traditional Indian Culture.
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Q. S1: It is regrettable that there is widespread corruption in the country at all levels.
P : So there is hardly anything that the government can do about it now.
Q : And there are graft and other malpractices too.
R : The impression that corruption is universal phenomenon persists and the people not cooperate in checking this evil.
S : Recently several offenders were brought to book, but they were not given deterrent punishment.
S6: This is indeed a tragedy of great magnitude.
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Q. S1: The heart is pump of life.
P : They have even succeeded in heart transplants.
Q : Nowadays surgeons are able to stop a patients heart and carry out complicated operations.
R : A few years ago it was impossible to operate on a patient whose heart was not working properly.
S : If heart stops we die in about five minutes.
S6: All this was made possible by the invention of heart-lung machine.
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Q. S1: Your letter was big relief.
P : How did you exams go?
Q : After your result, you must come here for a week.
R : You hadn't written for over a month.
S : I am sure you will come out with flying colours.
S6: But don't forget to bring chocolate for Geetha.
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Q. S1: Far away in a little street there is a poor house.
P : Her face is thin and worn and her hands are coarse, pricked by a needle, for she is a seam stress.
Q : One of the windows is open and through it I can see a poor woman.
R : He has a fever and asking for oranges.
S : In a bed in a corner of the room her little boy is lying ill.
S6: His mother has nothing to give but water, so he is crying.
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