Q. Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

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Q. Which of these cytokines is also known under the name cachectin?

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Q. Which is not a major defense mechanism in the stomach?

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Q. The agent responsible for causing mad cow disease is thought to be a

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Q. The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

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Q. Coxsackie virus B3, a subgroup of enteroviruses, commonly causes

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Q. Prontosil is

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Q. All infections do not cause fever and all fevers are not due to infections which of the following is an example of non-infections cause of fever?

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Q. Immunization with which of the following toxoid induces high titer serum antibody, but does not protect from the corresponding disease?

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Q. Which of the following statements is not true regarding Mycobacterium tuberculosis and/or the disease it causes?

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Q. What is common in catheters and ventilators?

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Q. An important host defense of human beings is a dense resident microbiota associated with

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Q. Lactoferrin helps to protect against pathogens by

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Q. The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

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Q. Which of the following disease is caused by DNA viruses?

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Q. Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

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Q. Fatalities following influenza infection are usually due to the

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Q. Which of the following disease is not caused by microbial protein toxin?

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Q. In the human disease cholera, what is it that actually ends up killing the victim?

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Q. Each of the 3 virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis i.e. the capsule, edema toxin and lethal toxin can affect the activity of

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