Q. _______ analyzed the distribution of scores among 100 vertebrate nucleic acid sequences and compared these scores with randomized sequences prepared in different ways.

View solution

Q. If the random sequences were prepared in a way that maintained the local base composition by producing them from overlapping fragments of sequence, the distribution of scores has a _______ standard deviation that is closer to the distribution of the natural sequences.

View solution

Q. The GCG alignment programs have a RANDOMIZATION option, which shuffles the second sequence and calculates similarity scores between the unshuffled sequence and each of the shuffled copies.

View solution

Q. Dayhoff, 1978- 1983, devised a second method for testing the relatedness of two protein sequences that can accommodate some local variation. Where this method is useful?

View solution

Q. By whom and when were the Bayesian methods applied first?

View solution

Q. With the application of Bayesian methods, the most probable repeat length and evolutionary time since the repeat was formed may be derived.

View solution

Q. If the purpose is to calculate the probability of one event AND a second event, the odds scores for the events are _________

View solution

Q. In a type of probability, analysis is to calculate the odds score for one event OR a second event, or of a series of events. In this case, the odds scores are _______

View solution

Q. In Bayesian methods, difficulty with making estimations is that the estimate depends on the following Assumption.
(Assumption – The mutation rate in sequences has been constant with time and that the rate of mutation of all nucleotides is the same.)

View solution

Q. Another difficulty in Bayesian methods is deciding on the length of sequence that was duplicated.

View solution

Q. A length and distance that gives the highest overall probability may then be determined. Such alignments are initially found using ________

View solution

Q. Which of the following feature of Bayesian methods is the disadvantage of it?

View solution

Q. Zhu (1998) have devised a computer program called the Bayes block aligner which in effect slides ____ sequences along each other to find the ______ ungapped regions or blocks.

View solution

Q. Unlike the commonly used methods for aligning a pair of sequences, the Bayesian method _______ using a particular scoring matrix or designated gap penalties.

View solution

Q. Which of the following is incorrect regarding pair wise sequence alignment?

View solution

Q. Which of the following is incorrect about evolution?

View solution

Q. The presence of evolutionary traces is because some of the residues that perform key functional and structural roles tend to be preserved by natural selection; other residues that may be less crucial for structure and function tend to mutate more frequently.

View solution

Q. The degree of sequence variation in the alignment reveals evolutionary relatedness of different sequences, whereas the conservation between sequences reflects the changes that have occurred during evolution in the form of substitutions, insertions, and deletions.

View solution

Q. If the two sequences share significant similarity, it is extremely ______ that the extensive similarity between the two sequences has been acquired randomly, meaning that the two sequences must have derived from a common evolutionary origin.

View solution

Q. Sometimes, it is also possible that two sequences have derived from a common ancestor, but may have diverged to such an extent that the common ancestral relationships are not recognizable at the sequence level.

View solution