Q. Consider a single mode fiber having core refractive index n1= 1.5. The fiber length is 12 m. Find the time taken by the axial ray to travel along the fiber.

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Q. A 4 km optical link consists of multimode step index fiber with core refractive index of 1.3 and a relative refractive index difference of 1%. Find the delay difference between the slowest and fastest modes at the fiber output.

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Q. A multimode step-index fiber has a core refractive index of 1.5 and relative refractive index difference of 1%. The length of the optical link is 6 km. Estimate the RMS pulse broadening due to intermodal dispersion on the link.

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Q. The differential attenuation of modes reduces intermodal pulse broadening on a multimode optical link.

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Q. The index profile of a core of multimode graded index fiber is given by?

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Q. Intermodal dispersion in multimode fibers is minimized with the use of step-index fibers.

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Q. Estimate RMS pulse broadening per km due to intermodal dispersion for multimode step index fiber where length of fiber is 4 km and pulse broadening per km is 80.6 ns.

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Q. Practical pulse broadening value for graded index fiber lies in the range of __________

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Q. The modal noise occurs when uncorrected source frequency is?

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Q. Disturbance along the fiber such as vibrations, discontinuities, connectors, splices, source/detectors coupling result in __________

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Q. The modal noise can be reduced by __________

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Q. Digital transmission is more likely to be affected by modal noise.

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Q. A multimode step index fiber has source of RMS spectral width of 60 nm and dispersion parameter for fiber is 150 psnm⁻¹km⁻¹. Estimate rms pulse broadening due to material dispersion.

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Q. A multimode fiber has RMS pulse broadening per km of 12 ns/km and 28 ns/km due to material dispersion and intermodal dispersion resp. Find the total RMS pulse broadening.

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Q. Γg = dβ / C*dk. What is β in the given equation?

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Q. Most of the power in an optical fiber is transmitted in fiber cladding.

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Q. A single mode fiber has a zero dispersion wavelength of 1.21 μm and a dispersion slope of 0.08 psnm⁻²km⁻¹. What is the total first order dispersion at wavelength 1.26 μm.

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Q. The dispersion due to material, waveguide and profile are -2.8 nm⁻¹km⁻¹, 20.1 nm⁻¹km⁻¹ and 23.2 nm⁻¹km⁻¹respectively. Find the total first order dispersion?

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Q. Dispersion-shifted single mode fibers are created by __________

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Q. An alternative modification of the dispersion characteristics of single mode fibers involves achievement of low dispersion gap over the low-loss wavelength region between __________

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