Q. There are basically two types of contamination, laboratory and external. If a PCR product is found to be contaminated by bacteria. It comes under laboratory contamination.

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Q. Which can be used as a precaution in order to minimize contamination?

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Q. During amplification, there are chances of having a product of a mixture of different sequences. There are various ways to detect it. Which of the statement is true in regard to it?

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Q. If the template DNA belongs to several individual rather than single one, this type of heterogeneity is known as ____________

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Q. Heterogeneity can also arise if DNA is damaged before amplification. Which of the following doesn’t cause DNA damage?

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Q. If cytosine is deaminated, which of the base is formed?

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Q. Which of the statement is correct for misincorporation?

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Q. Errors can be introduced because of many reasons such as polymerase error or because of heterogeneity. Which of the statement holds true?

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Q. Which of the statement is incorrect for jumping PCR?

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Q. What are the possibilities which can occur until the temperature has reached for primer annealing?

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Q. Hot-start PCR is a modification of PCR. Which of the following is not corresponding to it?

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Q. An alternative to adding polymerase at later stage is __________

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Q. The primer annealing temperature is often very low from the maximum temperature. This low temperature leads to some mismatches.

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Q. Touch-down PCR is another modification. Its characteristics include:

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Q. If two successive PCR are carried out, it is called as __________

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Q. If two successive PCRs are carried out, in which PCR there are chances of having a non-specific product?

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Q. The process of inserting an amplified PCR product in a vector for cloning is known as __________

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Q. How can PCR product be cloned into a vector?

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Q. Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding the cloning of PCR products?

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Q. Topoisomerse I is also used for cloning of PCR product at times. Which of the statement holds true for such type of cloning?

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